Research

Blood vessel formation, or angiogenesis, is a fundamental biological process that supports tissue growth, repair, and nutrient supply. It is also a key feature in many medical conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and wound healing. To understand these processes, researchers rely on molecular markers that specifically highlight endothelial cells—the cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels. Among these markers, CD31 has emerged as one of the most widely used and reliable indicators of vascular structures in both healthy and diseased tissues. CD31, also known as PECAM 1 (Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1), is a transmembrane protein expressed abundantly on endothelial cells. Because of its consistent and strong expression, i...